MICROBODIES
-> They are small, single membrane bounokloganelles present in both animal and plant cells. They contain enzymes that carry out oxidation reactions ( mainly involving hydrogen peroxide, fats and other molecules).
-> They are not part of the endomembrane system but are formed from the endoplasmic reticulum by self-replication.
#STRUCTURE OF MICROBODIES:
A) SHAPE AND SIZE: They are oval or spherical in shape. The diameter is approximately 0.2-1.5 micrometres (10^-6).
B) MEMBRANE: They are surrounded by a single phospholipid membrane that separates internal enzymes from the cytoplasm.
C) MATRIX PART: The matrix contains oxidative enzymes such as catalase, urate oxidase, D-amino acid oxidase and peroxidase.
D) FORMATION: They originate from the endoplasmic reticulum and grow by uptake of specific proteins and lipids. They can also replicate by division similar to mitochondria.
-> The number of microbodies in a cell depends on the metabolic activity of the liver, kidney and plant leaves.
#TYPES OF MICROBODIES:
1) PEROXISOMES:
-> They are found in plants and animals.
-> Main function is to break down fatty acids detoxification of hydrogen peroxide.
2)GLYOXYSOMES:
->They are found in germinating seeds, especially in oil-rich seeds.
-> Their main function is conversion of stored fats into sugars.
3)GLYCOSOMES:
->They are found in protozoa.
->Their main function is sugar breakdown at the site of glycolysis.
#IMPORTANCE OF MICROBODIES:
1) Protects the cells from the toxic effects of hydrogen peroxide.
2) Energy production through fat and sugar metabolism.
3) Supports germination by converting fats to sugar.
4) Maintains cellular metabolism in plants and animals.
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